IVF explained: What couples need to know about fertility treatments

IVF remains to be a common fertility treatment opted by couples who are unable to conceive naturally. World IVF Day, also known as World Embryologist Day, is celebrated globally on 25th July every year.

This day acknowledges the contributions and progress made by embryologists in the field of reproductive medicine and focuses on the various advancements in fertility treatments available for those who cannot conceive naturally.

Infertility is now a global issue. According to WHO (World Health Organisation) Infertility affects millions of people – and has an impact on their families and communities. Estimates suggest that approximately one in every six people of reproductive age worldwide experience infertility in their lifetime. On this special event of World IVF Day 2025, here is what leading IVF Specialist, Dr. Pooja Bajaj Wadhwa has to say to couples planning to go through infertility treatments. What Happens in an IVF Cycle? In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a type of assisted reproductive technology (ART) where sperm and an egg are fertilized outside of the human body. During the IVF cycle, medications are used to stimulate multiple eggs to grow to maturity inside the ovaries. These eggs are then retrieved from the ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a laboratory. The fertilized eggs, now embryos, are cultured in a controlled environment in the laboratory.

The embryos are monitored for growth and development over the next few days. These embryos are then transferred to the uterus in order to achieve a pregnancy. Which Couples Should Consider Consulting an IVF Specialist? There are certain indications which should not be ignored by a couple wanting to conceive: If the female has tubal disorders such as blocked fallopian tubes, uterine disorders like endometriosis, septate uterus or fibroids, any disorder of the ovaries, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and other follicular disorders or if the male partner is having a testicular failure to produce sperm, for example due to varicoceles or abnormal sperm function and quality.

Conditions or situations that cause abnormal shape (morphology) and movement (motility) of the sperm negatively affect fertility. “Under such conditions it’s important for you to find an IVF specialist who can assist you with a tailored approach towards your unique condition. As an IVF Specialist it is extremely important to diagnose the right issue and suggest a treatment plan that best suits the problem of the couple.” Dr. Bajaj says Is IVF always Successful? The success rate for IVF differs from couple to couple.

However the global success rate of IVF ranges from 40% to 65%. Certain factors determine the success rate of an IVF cycle, including the couple's age, the quality of their sperm and eggs, and any underlying reproductive issues. It's important to consult with a fertility/IVF specialist for personalized guidance and to understand the potential success rates based on individual circumstances of the couple opting for the treatment.

Is Natural Birth possible after an IVF Cycle? The short answer is yes; it is absolutely possible to have a normal birth after an IVF treatment. Women who opt for IVF treatment intend to have healthy pregnancies and deliver naturally. The mode of delivery—whether natural or cesarean—should be carefully assessed by the treating doctor, as it depends largely on individual health conditions and how the pregnancy progresses throughout each trimester. “Couples wishing to conceive either naturally or through IVF should understand the importance of lifestyle as well.

Alcohol, smoking and a bad diet full of junk food should be avoided by both partners when planning for pregnancy. It is also essential to balance one’s mental well being and try to be stress free. On this World IVF Day, I would like to encourage couples to seek treatment at the right time as delay can affect your overall fertility health.” Dr. Bajaj.