People who should not eat karela: Health risks and considerations you should know

If you belong to a group that should avoid karela but still want its health benefits, there are several alternatives to consider. Bitter gourd capsules or extracts, taken under medical supervision, can provide similar advantages without the strong taste or digestive strain.

Additionally, other vegetables such as fenugreek, spinach, and okra offer blood sugar-regulating properties and can be included safely in the diet. For those who tolerate it partially, cooked or milder forms of karela can be gentler on the stomach while still providing some nutritional benefits. Always consult a healthcare professional before trying substitutes.

Who should avoid karela: Pregnant women, people with low sugar, and more

Individuals with low blood sugar (Hypoglycaemia)Karela is well-known for its ability to lower blood sugar levels, which can be beneficial for people with type 2 diabetes.

However, for individuals who naturally have low blood sugar or are prone to hypoglycaemic episodes, consuming karela can lead to dangerously low glucose levels. This may result in symptoms such as dizziness or fainting, excessive sweating, confusion or irritability, and a rapid or irregular heartbeat.

A study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology found that bitter melon had a modest hypoglycaemic effect and significantly reduced fructosamine levels among patients with type 2 diabetes who received 2,000 mg/day. However, the hypoglycaemic effect of bitter melon was less than metformin 1,000 mg/dayPregnant womenPregnant women should avoid consuming karela, particularly in raw or concentrated forms, as it contains compounds that may induce uterine contractions.

This can increase the risk of miscarriage or premature labour. While small amounts of cooked karela might be safer, expectant mothers need to consult a healthcare professional before including it in their diet to ensure both their safety and that of the baby.Individuals with liver or kidney disordersKarela’s bioactive compounds are metabolised by the liver and excreted through the kidneys. For individuals with pre-existing liver or kidney conditions, excessive consumption of karela can place additional strain on these organs, potentially worsening their condition.

Possible complications include elevated liver enzyme levels or kidney irritation, making it important for those with hepatic or renal issues to seek medical advice before regularly consuming bitter gourd.A study published in PubMed Central showed that kidney tissue treated with 4000 mg/kg as a single dose of Momordica charantia (karela) did not cause any damage, suggesting that moderate consumption may be safe. However, individuals with existing liver or kidney conditions should consult a healthcare professional before consuming karelaPeople on blood sugar-lowering medicationsFor people taking insulin or oral hypoglycaemic medications, consuming karela can amplify the effects of these drugs, leading to dangerously low blood sugar levels.

To minimise risk, it is advised to start with small quantities, monitor blood sugar closely, and consult a healthcare professional before making karela a regular part of the diet.A study published in PubMed Central found that bitter melon had a modest hypoglycaemic effect and significantly reduced fructosamine levels among patients with type 2 diabetes who received 2,000 mg/day. Individuals with gastrointestinal issuesKarela is high in fibre and contains bitter compounds that may irritate the digestive system in sensitive individuals.

People suffering from conditions such as ulcers, acid reflux, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may experience stomach cramps, nausea, or diarrhoea if they consume karela. In such cases, it is best to either avoid the vegetable or consume it in very small, moderated amounts.A case study published in PubMed reported 15 patients who developed toxicity due to drinking bitter bottle gourd juice. Patients presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, and hypotension within 15 minutes to 6 hours after ingestion, highlighting the potential gastrointestinal risksChildrenYoung children may find the bitter taste of karela unpalatable, and excessive consumption can lead to digestive discomfort.

Additionally, because of its strong blood sugar-lowering effects, karela may not be safe for children unless consumed under medical supervision. Parents should ensure that children only eat small amounts and preferably in a cooked, milder form.

Signs of karela overconsumption

Even for healthy individuals, overeating karela can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, or, in sensitive people, dangerously low blood sugar. Moderation is key, and it is best to include karela as part of a balanced diet rather than consuming it in excessive amounts or as concentrated juice.Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.Also read | Radish or Turnip: Which supports blood sugar, weight control, and overall wellness