Recognising high blood pressure symptoms in pregnancy: Early signs you shouldn’t ignore

High blood pressure during pregnancy is a serious condition that can put both mother and baby at risk. While some women may only experience slight increases, others can face life-threatening complications if it is not detected early.

The condition often develops silently, with symptoms that may be mistaken for normal pregnancy discomfort, making awareness and regular monitoring essential. Recognising signs such as headaches, swelling, vision changes, and abdominal pain can lead to early intervention and better outcomes. Timely medical care, lifestyle adjustments, and routine check-ups help ensure a safer pregnancy for both mother and child.

High blood pressure, also called hypertension, occurs when the force of blood against artery walls remains consistently too high. During pregnancy, this condition requires extra attention because it can harm both mother and baby if not properly managed.There are different types of high blood pressure that can occur in pregnancy:

According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) study on hypertension in pregnancy, high blood pressure can sometimes develop silently, but in many cases, women experience noticeable warning signs. Recognising these early symptoms is crucial for timely treatment, as they may indicate the development of serious complications like preeclampsia or eclampsia. Below are the most common symptoms to watch for:1. Persistent headachesSevere or frequent headaches that don’t go away with rest or mild medication can signal rising blood pressure.

Headaches often worsen as the condition progresses.They may also be accompanied by sensitivity to light or noise, making daily activities difficult. Persistent headaches should always be reported to a healthcare provider for further evaluation.2. Blurred or disturbed visionVision changes such as blurred sight, flashing lights, or temporary vision loss may occur. These symptoms suggest that high blood pressure is affecting the eyes and nervous system.In some cases, these vision problems can be early warning signs of preeclampsia. Left untreated, they may progress and lead to serious complications for both mother and baby.3. Swelling in face and handsMild swelling is common in pregnancy, but sudden or excessive swelling of the face, hands, and around the eyes may indicate preeclampsia. This swelling is caused by fluid retention linked to high blood pressure.Unlike normal pregnancy swelling, this type appears abruptly and may worsen quickly.

Monitoring swelling patterns can help in distinguishing between harmless and dangerous changes.4. Upper abdominal painPain under the ribs, especially on the right side, can be a warning sign of liver involvement. It may feel sharp or persistent and should not be ignored.This symptom often appears in conjunction with nausea or vomiting, which may point to preeclampsia. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent further complications.5. Nausea and vomitingWhile morning sickness is normal in early pregnancy, sudden nausea and vomiting in the later stages can be linked to rising blood pressure or liver complications.This is particularly concerning when it develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It often signals worsening preeclampsia, which needs urgent medical care.6. Shortness of breathDifficulty breathing or a feeling of tightness in the chest may occur when fluid builds up in the lungs.

This is a serious symptom requiring immediate medical evaluation.It may also be associated with chest pain or extreme fatigue. These signs should never be ignored, as they indicate severe complications.7. Rapid weight gainGaining weight quickly over a few days, particularly from water retention, may indicate fluid imbalance associated with hypertension and preeclampsia.This weight gain is usually unrelated to diet or lifestyle changes.

Sudden increases should be tracked and reported to a doctor promptly.8. Fatigue and dizzinessExtreme tiredness, dizziness, or confusion are warning signs that blood flow and oxygen supply may be compromised, affecting both mother and baby.These symptoms often make it difficult to perform normal activities. If left unchecked, they could progress to fainting spells or more severe health risks.Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.Also read | Pancreatic symptoms on skin: Early signs you shouldn’t ignore