Why your thyroid could be causing unexplained neck, muscle, or joint pain: Know the causes

Thyroid problems are often linked to fatigue, weight fluctuations, or mood changes, but some warning signs can be far subtler. Aching muscles, stiff joints, or persistent neck pain may all point to an underlying thyroid imbalance.

The butterfly-shaped gland in your neck regulates metabolism, hormone levels, and numerous body functions, meaning that when it is overactive or underactive, it can affect more than just energy or weight. These hormonal shifts may trigger inflammation, muscle weakness, joint discomfort, or pain in unexpected areas. Recognising these physical signals early is crucial, as timely intervention can prevent complications, improve quality of life, and support long-term health by addressing the root cause rather than just the symptoms.

An overactive thyroid, known as hyperthyroidism, occurs when the gland produces more hormones than the body requires. Conversely, an underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism, can also trigger muscle stiffness, joint pain, and general body aches.

Pain arises in several ways:

Pain is often an overlooked symptom of thyroid disorders, yet it can provide critical clues for early diagnosis.

According toa study published in the Hypothyroid Myopathy chapter, up to 30 %-80 % of people with hypothyroidism may experience myopathy, which manifests as generalised muscle pain, weakness and stiffness, particularly in the thighs, hips, shoulders and neck1. Neck, throat, and jaw painPain in the front of the neck, especially near the thyroid, or discomfort when swallowing, can indicate thyroid inflammation.

Conditions like thyroiditis often begin with neck tenderness that may radiate to the jaw or ears. An enlarged thyroid, known as a goitre, can also create noticeable discomfort.2. Muscle weakness, aches, and crampsHyperthyroidism can weaken muscles and cause aching, particularly in the upper arms and thighs. Hypothyroidism, on the other hand, may lead to stiffness and muscle aches in the hands, legs, and shoulders.3. Joint pain and stiffnessLow thyroid hormone levels can result in joint swelling, stiffness, and tenderness, sometimes mimicking arthritis-like symptoms.4. Widespread aches in unusual areasBecause thyroid hormones influence multiple systems in the body, pain can appear in less obvious areas, including the upper back, shoulders, and chest. While chest pain should always be medically evaluated, in combination with thyroid symptoms, it may indicate thyroid-related involvement.

Thyroid problems are often associated with changes in weight, energy, or mood, but pain in the neck, muscles, joints, or other areas can also signal an underlying issue. Whether it’s inflammation of the gland, muscle weakness, or joint stiffness, these symptoms should not be overlooked. Early recognition and treatment of thyroid-related pain can significantly improve comfort, protect mobility, and support overall health.Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Please consult a healthcare professional before making any changes to your diet, medication, or lifestyle.Also read | Why people with diabetes are at a higher risk of dehydration and how to prevent it