10 early warning signs of coronary artery disease that could lead to a heart attack

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of heart attacks worldwide, yet it often develops silently over years. The condition occurs when fatty deposits, or plaque, build up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart, reducing circulation and putting your heart under strain.

While the early stages may go unnoticed, the body eventually sends out signals that should never be ignored. From chest pain and shortness of breath to unusual fatigue and swelling, recognising these warning signs can help prevent life-threatening complications and protect your long-term heart health.

10 signs of coronary artery disease that may trigger a heart attack

Chest discomfort

According to a study published in NIH, chest pain, also known as angina, is one of the most common indicators of coronary artery disease.

It often feels like pressure, tightness, or squeezing in the chest, sometimes described as if someone is sitting heavily on your chest. This discomfort usually occurs in the centre or left side of the chest and may be triggered by physical activity, stress, or heavy meals. If the pain is persistent or severe, it is important to seek medical help immediately, as it could be a warning sign of a heart attack.

Shortness of breath

Struggling to catch your breath after light activity, or even at rest, could point to an underlying heart issue.

When the heart cannot pump blood efficiently, less oxygen reaches the body’s tissues, leading to breathlessness. This symptom may appear suddenly and can be accompanied by sweating, anxiety, or fatigue. Many people mistake it for ageing or lack of fitness, but persistent breathlessness should always be taken seriously.

Pain beyond the chest

Heart-related pain does not always stay in the chest. Sometimes, discomfort radiates to the arms, shoulders, back, neck, jaw, or even the upper stomach.

This is known as referred pain and happens because the nerves carrying pain signals from the heart overlap with other areas of the body. While such pain may be mistaken for muscle strain or indigestion, unexplained or recurring pain in these areas could be linked to coronary artery disease.

Dizziness or lightheadedness

Feeling faint or dizzy on a regular basis can be a sign that the heart is not pumping blood effectively to the brain. Poor circulation reduces oxygen supply, causing lightheadedness, weakness, or even fainting.

These symptoms should not be ignored, especially if they occur alongside chest pain, palpitations, or breathlessness, as they may indicate a more serious cardiac condition.

Unexplained sweating

Breaking into a cold sweat without physical exertion can signal that the heart is under stress. When arteries are blocked, the body works harder to circulate blood, leading to sweating even in cool conditions. If sweating comes on suddenly and is paired with chest pain, nausea, or dizziness, it may be an early sign of a heart attack.

Swelling in ankles or feet

Unusual puffiness in the ankles, feet, or even the legs can result from fluid build-up, a condition known as oedema. This happens when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, causing fluid to pool in the lower body. Although swelling can also be related to kidney or liver problems, persistent or unexplained swelling should be checked by a doctor, as it may indicate heart failure linked to coronary artery disease.

Persistent cough

While most coughs are caused by infections or allergies, a lingering cough that worsens when lying down can be connected to heart problems. In cases of heart failure, fluid may build up in the lungs, leading to chronic coughing or wheezing. If you already have heart disease and notice a new or worsening cough, it is important to bring it to your doctor’s attention.

Irregular heartbeats

It is normal for the heart to beat faster during exercise or excitement, but frequent irregularities, known as arrhythmias, may be a red flag.

Skipped beats, rapid fluttering, or racing heart rhythms can all point to coronary artery disease or other heart conditions. If irregular heartbeats are accompanied by dizziness, chest discomfort, or fainting, immediate medical evaluation is necessary.

Throat or jaw pain

A sore throat or jaw pain is rarely related to heart disease on its own. However, if discomfort in these areas occurs along with chest tightness or pressure, it could signal angina or even a heart attack.

Pain that spreads upward from the chest to the throat, jaw, or teeth should never be ignored, as it may be a subtle sign of coronary artery blockages.

Digestive discomfort

Symptoms like nausea, indigestion, heartburn, or stomach pain are often mistaken for digestive issues, but they can also be linked to heart problems. This overlap can make CAD difficult to detect, especially in women, who are more likely to experience non-traditional heart symptoms.

If you notice frequent stomach upset, especially when paired with chest discomfort or sweating, it is worth considering heart health as a possible cause.Coronary artery disease is often called a silent threat because it develops slowly and disguises itself behind everyday symptoms like indigestion, fatigue, or mild breathlessness. This is why so many people dismiss the early warnings until the condition becomes severe.

Listening to your body and recognising these subtle signs can make the difference between early intervention and a medical emergency. The encouraging part is that CAD is not only treatable but also preventable.

With timely diagnosis, proper medical care, and healthy lifestyle habits—such as balanced nutrition, regular exercise, stress control, and avoiding tobacco—you can reduce your risk, protect your arteries, and safeguard your heart for the future.Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical condition or lifestyle change.Also Read: Avoid these 6 exercises if you have arthritis or joint instability: Protect your knees and hips