Early humans ate children 850,000 years ago, scientists find chilling evidence of cannibalism

Archaeologists in Spain have unearthed gruesome new evidence suggesting that early human ancestors may have cannibalized children nearly 850,000 years ago. The startling discovery was made at the Gran Dolina cave site in Atapuerca, northern Spain, where researchers found a child's neck bone bearing precise butchery marks, clear indications that the child, aged between two and four, had been killed and processed for food.

Scientists say the find confirms long-standing theories that Homo antecessor, an early human species, engaged in cannibalism, including of their own young, as a survival strategy or social behavior.

Early humans ate children like prey, bone analysis shows

The excavation, led by experts from the Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), revealed a small vertebra with cut marks at anatomical points typically associated with the decapitation and dismemberment of prey.

According to Dr. Palmira Saladié, co-director of the excavation, the markings show clear signs that the child’s body was processed similarly to animals consumed by early humans.The site has yielded bones from several individuals over the past 30 years. Many of these show defleshing marks and human bite imprints, including those from adults. The discovery strengthens the view that cannibalism was not an isolated incident but a regular practice among Homo antecessor, a key human ancestor species that lived between 1.2 million and 800,000 years ago.

A chilling window into early human behaviour

Homo antecessor had a smaller brain and more robust build compared to modern humans, but may have already developed right-handedness and a rudimentary symbolic language. Experts believe cannibalism may have served multiple functions, such as nutritional need, ritual practice, or social control. This find could be one of the oldest direct pieces of evidence for systematic cannibalism among human ancestors.

Similar discoveries in other parts of the world

Cannibalism in early human history is not confined to Spain. Archaeological sites in Kenya have revealed butchered human bones dating back to 1.45 million years. In the UK, skulls found in Somerset’s Cheddar Gorge suggest early humans fashioned drinking vessels from human craniums. The latest discovery at Atapuerca adds a disturbing new layer to our understanding of ancient survival and social dynamics.