Pancreatic Cancer: Oral microbes linked to increased risk of the deadly disease; risk factors and prevention tips

Pancreatic cancer, known as a “silent killer” that mostly creeps in quietly with hard-to-detect symptoms, remains a significant global health challenge. With 508,533 new cases and 505,752 deaths worldwide in 2021, this disease is a significant global health challenge with increasing incidence and mortality rates worldwide.Pancreatic cancer is often considered deadly due to its tendency to be diagnosed at a late stage, its aggressive nature, and the lack of effective treatments for advanced cases. Now, a groundbreaking study by NYU Langone Health has revealed a significant link between oral microbes and pancreatic cancer risk. Published in JAMA Oncology, the research indicates that certain bacteria and fungi in the mouth can more than triple the likelihood of developing this aggressive cancer.Why does this discovery matter? It highlights the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene as a potential preventive measure.

What the study found: Oral microbes and cancer risk

The aforementioned study, published in JAMA Oncology, analyzed saliva samples from 122,000 adults over nine years. Researchers identified 27 oral microbes – 24 bacteria and 3 fungi – that were associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.Notably, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Eubacterium nodatum, and Parvimonas micra were among the bacteria linked to a higher risk.

These microorganisms may contribute to cancer development by traveling from the mouth to the pancreas through swallowed saliva. Once in the pancreas, they could promote inflammation and other processes that facilitate tumor growth. Additionally, the genus Candida, a type of yeast, was found in pancreatic tumor samples, suggesting a potential role in cancer development.These findings support the hypothesis that harmful oral microbes can enter the bloodstream and reach the pancreas, possibly contributing to cancer development.

The study also developed a microbial risk score based on the presence of these microbes, which could serve as a tool for identifying individuals at higher risk for pancreatic cancer.

What is pancreatic cancer?

Pancreatic cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancerous) cells form in the tissues of the pancreas. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that plays a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar regulation by producing enzymes and hormones.

While the exact causes are not always clear, risk factors include smoking, family history of pancreatic cancer, long-standing type 2 diabetes, and chronic pancreatitis.Pancreatic cancer is often difficult to diagnose early because symptoms may be subtle or absent in the early stages.

Risk factors for pancreatic cancer

While oral health is an emerging risk factor, several other factors contribute to pancreatic cancer risk:Age: The risk increases with age, particularly after 60.Smoking: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor.Family history: A family history of pancreatic cancer can elevate risk.Chronic pancreatitis: Long-term inflammation of the pancreas is linked to increased risk.Diabetes: Having diabetes, especially type 2, may raise the risk.Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the likelihood of developing the disease.

How to stay safe: Practical prevention tips

While not all risk factors are controllable, certain lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk:Maintain good oral hygiene: Regular brushing and flossing can help prevent the buildup of harmful oral microbes.Avoid smoking: Quitting smoking reduces the risk of pancreatic and other cancers.Healthy diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports overall health.Regular exercise: Physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight and reduces cancer risk.Limit alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can increase cancer risk.

Why early detection is crucial

This study opens new avenues for early detection of pancreatic cancer. By profiling oral microbes, healthcare providers may identify individuals at higher risk and implement preventive strategies more effectively.However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which oral microbes influence pancreatic cancer development and to validate the microbial risk score as a screening tool.