'Technology Must Complement, Not Replace, Human Mind In Judicial Decision-Making': CJI Gavai

Last Updated:June 08, 2025, 06:00 IST

The CJI said that complex legal issues often require an understanding of human context, societal implications, and ethical dilemmas that AI, in its current form, cannot fully grasp

The CJI’s address underscored the fundamental difference between processing information and exercising judgment. File pic/PTI

Chief Justice of India (CJI) BR Gavai delivered a keynote address on the “Role of Technology in the Indian Legal System" at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. His speech emphasised that technology should complement, not replace, the human element in judicial decision-making.

The CJI highlighted the irreplaceable value of discretion, empathy, and nuanced judicial interpretation. While acknowledging the transformative potential of technological advancements, he delineated clear boundaries for their application within the judiciary. “Though the judiciary welcomes innovations like automated cause lists, digital kiosks, and virtual assistants," he stated, “it must ensure that human oversight, ethical guidelines, and robust training are integral to their implementation."

This perspective reflects a cautious yet progressive stance. The Indian judiciary has indeed embraced various technological advancements to enhance efficiency and accessibility. Automated cause lists streamline case management, digital kiosks improve public access to information, and virtual assistants aid in administrative tasks. However, the CJI’s address underscored the fundamental difference between processing information and exercising judgment.

He elaborated that complex legal issues often require an understanding of human context, societal implications, and ethical dilemmas that artificial intelligence, in its current form, cannot fully grasp. Judicial interpretation frequently involves delving into legislative intent, societal norms, and the unique circumstances of each case, demanding human reasoning, ethical considerations, and a capacity for empathy that transcends algorithmic processing.

“Technology must complement, not replace, the human mind in judicial decision-making," the CJI said, adding, “The emphasis must always be on using technology to enhance trust and transparency—never to replace the human conscience at the heart of justice."

The CJI’s remarks signal that while technology can vastly improve the procedural aspects of justice delivery, making processes faster, more transparent, and accessible, the ultimate responsibility and the nuanced decision-making power must remain firmly with human judges.

(With PTI inputs)

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