Pahalgam attack aftermath: One year on, security grid tightens grip across J&K

Srinagar,UPDATED: Apr 7, 2026 21:23 IST

The Pahalgam terror attack on April 22, 2025, remains one of the deadliest assaults on civilians in recent years, killing 26 tourists in Baisaran Valley near Srinagar. The attack not only shocked the nation but also marked a decisive shift in India’s counter-terror doctrine.

In response, India launched “Operation Sindoor”, carrying out deep strikes on Pakistan-based terror infrastructure. The operation signalled a hardened stance, with authorities adopting a “zero tolerance” approach to terrorism that continues to shape security operations.

ONE YEAR ON: SECURITY GRID TIGHTENS

Nearly a year later, the security landscape across Jammu and Kashmir has undergone a significant transformation. Forces operating under a unified command have intensified operations against terrorist networks, while security at tourist locations has been substantially upgraded.

Many tourist destinations that were shut after the attack have now reopened with enhanced security arrangements. Others are being restored in phases, with improved access routes and fortified road connectivity.

The months following the attack saw a shift to intelligence-driven operations, with agencies tightening control over both hinterland and border areas. The past year has recorded a sharp rise in counter-terror operations not only in Jammu and Kashmir but also in other parts of the country.

OPERATION SINDOOR AND NEW DOCTRINE

“Operation Sindoor” laid the foundation for what officials describe as a broader security framework, referred to as the “Prahaar Doctrine”. This approach focuses on dismantling the terror ecosystem through advanced technologies such as AI-driven intelligence, drone warfare, and monitoring of terror financing, including through the dark web.

Along the Line of Control (LoC), deployments have been strengthened with enhanced artillery, air defence systems, drones, and troop readiness. The Border Security Force has also been authorised to raise 16 new battalions – around 17,000 personnel – and establish additional forward headquarters to reinforce border security.

Joint operations involving the NIA, Army, Jammu and Kashmir Police, CAPFs and intelligence agencies have intensified, targeting both active terrorists and their support networks. In the Valley, security forces continue search-and-destroy missions against sleeper cells, backed by aerial surveillance and advanced equipment.

TOURIST SECURITY OVERHAUL

Security arrangements at tourist locations, especially in high-altitude and non-motorable areas, have been overhauled over the past year. Surveillance has been expanded through drones and increased patrolling, while the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) has been deployed for specialised static security at key sites.

The government has also integrated advanced defence systems, including drone warfare capabilities, air defence platforms such as Akash, and electronic warfare tools to counter emerging threats.

Sustained operations led to the identification and elimination of those involved in the Pahalgam attack under “Operation Mahadev”.

Authorities have since reopened multiple tourist destinations across Jammu and Kashmir, including Yousmarg, Doodhpathri, Peer Ki Gali, Thajwas Glacier, Wullar and the tulip garden in Srinagar. Several locations in the Jammu division have also resumed tourist activity. However, Baisaran Valley in Pahalgam remains closed.

FRESH THREAT INPUTS FROM PAKISTAN

Security agencies indicate that Pakistan-based terror groups are attempting to regroup after the setbacks inflicted by Operation Sindoor. Intelligence inputs point to evolving tactics, including possible aerial attacks using kamikaze drones targeting convoys, military installations, and critical infrastructure.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh recently warned of a possible “misadventure” by Pakistan, stating that any such attempt would invite a decisive and unprecedented response.

EXPANDED COUNTER-TERROR FRAMEWORK

Over the past year, the government has expanded its counter-terror framework with a focus on intelligence integration, inter-agency coordination, and technological upgrades.

1. Connectivity under the Multi-Agency Centre (MAC) has been extended to the district level, improving real-time intelligence sharing and predictive analysis across areas such as terror financing, cyber threats, and organised crime.
2. The MAC–SMAC (Subsidiary MAC) network has been upgraded with better hardware and high-speed connectivity, along with AI and machine learning tools for real-time data analysis.
3. Central agencies, including the NIA, IB, NATGRID and state ATS units are increasingly using digital tools for coordinated operations.
4. The NIA has standardised terror investigations through its UAPA handbook and established a National Terror Database Fusion and Analysis Centre (NTDFAC) to strengthen data-driven investigations.
5. Efforts to tackle online radicalisation have led to increased arrests, charge sheets, and convictions. Platforms like NATGRID’s “Gandiva” and the upcoming Organised Crime Network Database (OCND) are enhancing multi-source intelligence analysis.
6. At the same time, capacity-building initiatives, joint exercises, and forensic upgrades have strengthened operational readiness.
7. The National Security Guard (NSG) has expanded its coordination with states, conducted multi-city counter-terror drills, and trained personnel for complex scenarios, including hijack and hostage rescue operations.

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